Imaginary A Short Story Free Essays

It was an ordinary tuesday day for Henry, he woke up to discover his room full with the smell of newly cooked pie. His significant other was up early preparing breakfast for him and his debilitated child Josiah. Henry was a rancher and didn’t have the cash for medicine and in addition to there was no specialist for a significant distance. We will compose a custom article test on Nonexistent: A Short Story or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now So he went out to work in his homestead. That day he had reaped his carrots,potatoes, and onions. He drove his collect to a close by town available to be purchased. He had got his amount with $10 extra, so he went to poznan. Henry sought he had enough to pay after medicine for Josiah. At the point when he passed onto a solid street he saw that the officials appeared to be unique. The police had on olive green outfits rather than blue and they conveyed ambush rifles rather than guns. In spite of the alarm henry got out to trust he had enough for the medication. He strolled into the drug store and requested the prescription, however the drug specialist requested an ID card. Henry said he didn’t have it, so the drug specialist motioned over an official. Henry started to shake, and advised the drug specialist not to and that he would give him $5 to stash in the event that he didn’t. The drug specialist considered it, yet at the same time got the official to come over. The official advised him to tail him to a little solid structure. Henry followed the official to a corner where the official sat him down and approached him for his complete name, birthdate and origination. The official said he would be back with the ID card. The official gave him the card around 10 mins later and instructed him to go get his prescription and leave rapidly. Henry was confounded, however did what he said. On his way back he took a gander at the card and everything was on there that he told the official yet, there was a 6 pointed star. He never contemplated it and continued driving back home. He gave the drug to his child, who was still in bed with a high fever and cold sweats. Henry went to plunk down for super and demonstrated his significant other the card. His significant other said that the star ment that he was a relative of a jew. The two of them didn’t consider it much and hit the hay. The following morning he discovered his better half up early again tending there wiped out child. He went to proceed to converse with Josiah, however shockingly Josiah was up and strolling yet had a fever yet no virus sweats. Henry was glad to find that and went to chip away at his ranch cheerful and prepared. He worked till late that night. The lightning bugs began to fill the sky so he set down in the field and required his significant other to lay with him and appreciate the night. The two of them nodded off in the field and stirred and returned into the house to discover their child missing nothing was moved or missing. Like he woke up and just ran off. They went to get in their vehicle to head to discover him, yet before they got in the vehicle they saw tracks in the soil from some other vehicle, however it had begun to rain when they got inside. The street started to get smooth and undrivable and the tracks vanished. Henry and his better half sat tight for the following day and set out to discover their child. They got down to business and thought that it was decimated most shop fronts were crushed the officials significantly increased and their where fabric joins saying â€Å"Juden werden hier nicht bedient† (Jews are not needed here). They halted to ask a â€Å"officer† what was happening the official stated, â€Å"The fuhrer request that all jews be moved to another lodging area†. He requested their distinguishing proof card Henry gave him his recently discovered card the official instructed him to get together his things and head to the train station for his security. Henry inquired as to whether the offic ial had any data of his son’s whereabouts. The official said that there was a procession dropping by to pick any capable body to battle for the german armed force. Henry and his better half were astounded and frightened, in light of the fact that this wasn’t like their child to do a thing like that. Henry and his significant other returned home attempting to understand what their child had done before they needed to move. They remained up the entire evening getting ready to leave and as yet attempting to understand what was happening. Henry and his better half left at dawn to get a head start, they experienced town to get to the train station. Hello had seen that significantly more stores were pulverized and more signs were up. They had shown up at the station pressed and prepared, they approached the official behind the counter he gave the official his card. The official let him through and 2 additional officials got his bags and revealed to him they would be come back to after the train yard. That was the last time he would perceive any of his family once more. He took a gander at the vehicle and saw that it was a payload vehicle not an ordinary travel vehicle. They were full in and he started to think there was something different going on than what he wasn’t told. The entire ride was 3 days in length and he was worn out and hungry, the entire vehicle possessed an aroma like a dead body do to the packed latrine container toward the side of the vehicle. They had at long last reached the â€Å"new area†. There was bunches of watchmen with greater weapons all around. There was a man in a dark suit with an implement bearing men, ladies and youngsters. He strolled under an entryway to get to the man dressed in dark and it said Arbeit macht frei (work makes you free). He at long last got to the man in dark he took a gander at me and played with his rod and pointed it left. He was pointing at a solid structure I asked what it was the official stated, â€Å"Dusche†. They heaped us in the structure advised us to strip down and drop our having a place in the large canister. There was a ton of us in there with just 10 shower heads. We sat in there for a little while it was a great deal not quite the same as anyplace I have been previously. Out of nowhere the enormous metal entryway closes behind us and a gap in the rooftop opened and a can fell in and individuals before Henry began to fall over as though amazing. The Henry realized it was poison and that was it for him. Another gap in the rooftop opened behind him and one above him opened and it blinded him. The can tumbled from the rooftop on his head and took him out to the floor. 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Prolonged Preservation Of The Heart Prior To Transplantation Essays

Delayed Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Natural chemistry Delayed Preservation of the Heart Prior to Transplantation Picture this. A man is associated with a serious fender bender in Florida which has left him mind dead with no desire for any sort of recuperation. Most of his indispensable organs are still utilitarian and the man has assigned that his organs be given to a poor individual upon his less than ideal passing. In the interim, after checking with the giver vault board, it is found that the best counterpart for accepting the core of the Florida man is a male in Oregon who is in urgent need of a heart transplant. Without the transplant, the man will unquestionably pass on inside 48 hours. The subsequent man's tissues coordinate impeccably with the mind dead man's in Florida. This appears to be an astounding open door for a heart transplant. Be that as it may, a transplant is as of now not a practical alternative for the Oregon man since he is isolated by such a huge geographic good ways from the organ. Researchers also, specialists are as of now just ready to keep a giver heart reasonable for four hours before the tissues become irreversibly harmed. In light of this conservation limitation, the giver heart is eventually given to somebody whose tissues do not coordinate too, so there is an enormously expanded possibility for dismissal of the organ by the beneficiary. To the extent the man in Oregon goes, he will most likely not get a contributor heart before his own lapses. Right now, when a heart is being set up for transplantation, it is just lowered in an isotonic saline ice shower trying to stop all metabolic movement of that heart. This cool submersion procedure is satisfactory for just four hours. Notwithstanding, if the heart is perfused with the best possible media, it can stay reasonable for as long as 24 hours. The procedure of perfusion depends on characteristically straightforward standards. What happens is a doctor cautiously extracts the heart from the contributor. He at that point precisely trims the vessels of the heart so they can be effortlessly connected to the perfusion mechanical assembly. In the wake of cutting, a cannula is embedded into the predominant vena cava. Through this cannula, the safeguarding media can be siphoned in. Imagine a scenario in which this situation were unique. What if specialists were ready to safeguard the benefactor heart and keep it suitable outside the body for as long as 24 hours rather than just four hours? On the off chance that this were conceivable, the heart in Florida could have been shipped the nation over to Oregon where the ideal beneficiary paused. The biochemical creation of the safeguarding media for hearts during the transplant delay is definitely significant for delaying the reasonability of the organ. On the off chance that a media can be built up that could protect the heart for longer timeframes, numerous lives could be spared subsequently. Another advantage of this expansion in time is that it would permit specialists an opportunity to all the more likely set themselves up for the long activity. The mishaps that render individuals cerebrum dead regularly happen around evening time or in the early morning. Directly, when a contributor organ opens up, specialists should quickly go to work at transplanting it. This very perplexing and serious activity takes a long time to finish. On the off chance that the transplanting specialist is depleted from working a taxing day, the expansion in term would permit him sufficient opportunity to get some genuinely necessary rest so he can play out the activity under the most ideal conditions. Investigations have been directed that contemplated the impacts of saving extracted hearts by adding a few mixes to the media in which the organ is being put away. The most effective of these mixes are pyruvate and a pyruvate containing compound known as perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene-egg yolk phospholipid (Primate LM). It was resolved that adding pyruvate to the media improved postpreservation cardiovascular capacity while including glucose had next to zero impact. To test the capacity of these two intermediates, bunny hearts were extracted and safeguarded for a normal of 24.5 1 0.2 hours on a safeguarding mechanical assembly before they were transplanted back into a beneficiary bunny. While connected to the safeguarding mechanical assembly, tests of the media yield of the heart were taken at regular intervals and were tested for their substance. In the event that the compound

The Essay Writing Criteria That Will Help You Write Essays

The Essay Writing Criteria That Will Help You Write EssaysIt is all the same when it comes to applying the criteria in essay writing. You have to make sure that you are very sure that the topic is appropriate and you also need to ensure that the information that you are giving is the most important. This applies to writing a standard essay as well as applying your own personal rules to this subject. Essay writing is all about formulating information so that it can be passed on to a faculty.There are some steps that you can follow if you want to include a lot of different elements while writing a specific paragraph format or a longer essay. First of all, it is very important that you get into the right mode of thinking. The best way to achieve this is to give it a lot of thought.Give the major subject the attention that it deserves. Even if you are not sure how much time you should spend on a certain detail, you can decide by deciding the whole matter. Once you start thinking about th e subject of the essay, the rest will follow automatically.Another point is that you should make sure that the student will enjoy reading your essay. Writing essays can be a bit boring so you have to make sure that you are writing something that is worth reading. Your essay should appeal to the student as well as to the faculty who are judging the paper.Nowadays, there are many writers who like to keep things simple and they tend to express themselves simply. They are happy writing such essays because they can produce short, concise sentences without losing their originality. If you are doing this, you must understand the art of writing. If you cannot do this, then it would be better for you to hire a tutor who can help you.Also, you have to remember that you have to consider the overall theme and pattern that are being followed in the essay. It is also important that you write something that is suitable to the style and manner of the school. It is best to stick to what you know bes t.When you apply the basic rules of essay writing, it is a good idea to keep a record of everything that you have written. You have to use this record to see how the process works and how effective you are at writing. In this way, you can improve your writing skills and gain more confidence in the writing process.With the help of this, you can easily follow the guidelines when you are writing an essay. These are just some of the tips that you have to consider when you write an essay. Essay writing is not only for college students but it is for all kinds of people who need to get some kind of higher education.

The Power of the Media to Shape Our Perceptions - 3575 Words

The Power of the Media to Shape Our Perceptions and Understanding of Reality on Gun Control (Research Paper Sample) Content: [Students Name][Instructors Name][Course][Date]The Power of the Media to Shape Our Perceptions and Understanding of Reality on Gun ControlIntroductionThe wake of guns violence in the United States has seen various proposals on how to handle the gun issue. Occasionally, people have woken up to shocking incidences of gun violence on various quarters. Perhaps the most outrageous incidence was the one that involved shooting of school going children by a fellow student, seemingly unstable, or at least for that moment. It is important to note that in these incidences, the media coverage of the live happenings has always been extensive giving the perpetrator of such violence a lot of fame. Various segments of the society have reacted to such incidences with diverging and converging opinions on what should be the best way forward. While the Obama administration has been on the forefront proposing stringent measures for the purposes of reducing or eliminating repeat occurrence , Republicans have a different view on how to address the whole matter. Religious groups and civil society have not spoken in one voice although one may deduce that everyone desires some changes in regards to how the whole issue should be addressed. Some of the emerging schools of thoughts that have come put have to do with logic behind issuance of guns, the ethical and practical implications of the solutions proposed for adoption as policy. Probably the big challenge is that the incidences that have occurred cannot qualify to be categorized as organized crimes. They are spontaneous reactions from private citizens with unforeseeable emotional and psychological instabilities. This has made generalizations very difficult. It has even begged the question whether first time offenders of gun violence can be treated as criminals or patients unlucky enough to be roaming outside instead of being attended to in mental programs. The media is one of the most powerful tools with regards to the flow of information. Most people have a lot of trust in the media. The view of the media is considered by many to be the right view. For this reason, it is easy to manipulate the public through various media platforms. Over the years, politicians and law makers as well as various governments have used this blind trust that the audiences have to propagate different agendas. This aspect of blind trust has been described by Robertson Davies in the following quote, The eyes sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend. This quote insinuates that the media has the tendency to change the view of its audience, their attitudes, level of knowledge, and ideal about overall subject. Gun control is one of the most commonly discussed subjects by the media. However, this subject has been discussed in an impartial manner. In other words, the media has not been able to discuss both sides of gun control matter. . This paper shall analyze the effect of media on peoples perception of gun controlB ackgroundIn the American society, gun control issues have now topped the list of communication trends. Incidents such as Virginia Tech University (2007), Tucson Arizona (2011), movie theatre at Aurora Colorado (2012), Newtown Connecticut (2013) etc. have been made the topic of discussion in many media broadcast sessions. Consequently, these media broadcasts have shaped biased perspective regarding gun control Different people have varied views with regard to the gun control debate. Most of these views are directly related to the hype on gun control propagated by the media. After the incident in New Connecticut, the enforcement of the gun control laws took a different turn. The following graph that appeared on edition.cnn.com under the heading How Media Lose Interest in gun control by Danny Hayes indicates the trend of coverage of gun control by different media news channels (Hayes, Why this gun control debate has been different)
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Graph showing the n ews coverage of gun control (Hayes, Why this gun control debate has been different).It is very important to understand the issue of gun control while discussing various arguments and debates over the topic in detail. In this way, readers will be able to form a clear understanding of the proposed argument. It is expected that this will help the readers to form a neutral stance regarding the subject and form a rational perception. This research paper is a proposal argument, which seeks to understand the role of media in shaping up the perception of public regarding the issue of Gun Control. The paper will also provide and suggest some recommendations, after addressing the issue in detail. Thesis StatementThe role of media regarding the issue of gun control is biased. The information they churn out suggests that gun control is the only way to curb supposed rise in violence.It is the media which provides terrorists or psychopaths with an incentive to become the center of attention and b ecome famous. Providing consumers with false information / misconception regarding gun control.It is influencing the public in the wrong direction regarding the topic. The media makes people feel as if they support violence and senseless killings if they are not for gun control.Arguments in Support of the Thesis Fredrick E Allan writing for the Forbes magazine in an article tilted Gun Control: The Congress of Cowards referred to the lawmakers as cowards when they shot down the bill on background check for guns. Elizabeth Flock wrote an article on usnews.com under the title Gun control debate clouds the definition of mentally ill claiming that gun control advocated for gun violence through research done at John Hopkins. Senator Joe Lieberman said that the American people will continue hearing the screams of the people who died in New Connecticut until action was taken. The senator was talking to fox news on the topic of gun control. Fox news Sunday reported Rep. Louie Gohmert, R-Texa s, a gun rights advocate saying that it would have been better has the principal of Sandy Hook elementary school had an M4 (Mirkinson). It was noted that different media houses followed the bandwagon of gun control campaigns. Different campaigns on gun control were designed by the media organizations to pose as the sole reason behind the violence. In addition, these campaigns which are broadcast everyday on various channels across the country changed the perspective of American citizens. Another impact is that it has allowed terrorists and other dangerous non-state elements to gain popularity. Gun control is not a minor issue, and it should be brought to the attention of the concerned authorities but in a proper manner. No one has ever proposed to completely abolish media coverage over the topic of gun control, but at the same time it is the duty of this society to fulfill its responsibility and curtail the issue in the best possible manner (Jones, Media overwhelmingly promotes gun control). The media advocacy for strict gun control in was heightened after the incidence in New Connecticut. The assumption that possession of gums is the only reason behind such incidences is wrong. Studies have shown that untreated mental illness may result to violent activities. The increase in coverage of violent scenes by the media gives a platform for the publicity of these people. It is important for the media to ensure that they are responsible in the manner by which they convey the information to the public According to an article which was published for The Week; the author has questioned this issue. The author Mat Lewis has questioned the purpose of gun control. According to the article, the extinction of mankind is not dependent on guns alone. According to an article on newsbusters.org titled Gun control? How about media control the author Matthew Sheffield says that the media should not assume that the core issue behind terrorists attacks is the availability of guns alone. This is just one of the factors which also contribute to such disastrous events (Sheffield). According to an article on globalsearch.ca under the title Violence: The American Way of Life, the author John Kozy says that the American society has been a violent society as it has been conceived and nurtured by violence, Americans not only engage in violence, they are entertained by it (Kozy). Keeping this fact in mind, the journalists should consider the fact that they might be contributing to our already violent-society in an unproductive manner (Sheffield). Various studies including one done by Browne and Giachritsis, show that the media has a violent influence on children. The entertainment industry has the tendency to glamorize violence in an effective manner. Various games and movies advocate for violence. Live broadcast of violent issues is one of the platforms that most terrorist use to satisfy their desire for publicity (Sheffield). This does not mean that the argume nt is against the first Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Its an argument aimed at advocating for responsible journalism. There are better ways for lobbying for better gun control measures than the current continued coverage of violence in a bid to convince the public to adopt the laws. According to an article The Power of Media Bias: Most Americans Wrongly Believe Gun Violence Has Increased published on newsbusters.org by Geoffrey Dickens, it was revealed that the information regarding the increase in the gun violence is incorrect. The article gave references and statistics from researches (Pew Research Center Poll), which states that gun violence has dropped by half with comparison to the mid 90s. 56% of the people, who watch news, think otherwise suggesting that the media is propagating fa...

Essay on The Effect of the U.S. Government on Students

Many students wonder why they should take Government class. They think that they are not affected by the actions of our government, or that learning about it will not help them at all in their life. Or worse, they think that they have no power to influence the government because of their age. Fortunately, none of these things are true. The United States Government is a big part of the lives of all American citizens, and that includes those who are under eighteen years old. Our government has as much of an effect on students as it does on anybody else. Laws created, enforced, and interpreted by the different branches of government control what we can and cannot do. Public services are taken advantage of by adults and minors alike.†¦show more content†¦Taking a Government class can be beneficial in a number of ways. It can help students better comprehend, for instance, the basic structure of the institutions and authority figures that keep our great country running rela tively smoothly. It can help them understand the viewpoints of their peers, their parents, and their community and the reasons behind these opinions. It can help answer the question, Who has the power in America?. Government class not only teaches the bare facts, such as the procedures of the judicial, executive, and legislative branches, the requirements to hold office, and the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, but also what they mean and why things are the way they are in this nation. Why do we have a bicameral legislative branch? Why have almost all of our Presidents been middle-aged Caucasian males? Why do we have a Bill of Rights and how far do our guaranteed privileges extend? Teaching young people about their government is one way to spark an interest in politics. If politicians never learned about their profession, then why would they be inspired to have a job in that specific field? Government class is also one way to create a more informed public opinion. Al though Americas public is not one of the most knowledgeable in the world, that can certainly be changed. In class, teachers not only teach history and fundamentals of government, but current events as well. This small step towards cluing the young public inShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy1391 Words   |  6 Pagesfiscal policy, which include tax payers, future Social Security and Medicaid users. The unemployed individuals and University of Phoenix students will be affected by fiscal policy. The U.S. financial reputation, an exporter, and importer, and affects of the GDP will also be covered about the affects of the U.S. fiscal policy. Effects on Tax Payers The U.S. budget deficits can affect tax payers in a negative aspect by increased taxes to offset the deficit. The budget deficit does impose interestRead MoreNative American And The American Of Native Americans1451 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States government, from their first interactions through the mid-twentieth century. 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Should Privacy Be Careful Of Who Is Watching Privacy Essay

Be Careful of who is Watching Privacy Issues in Employment Monitoring Employee monitoring has been on the rise since the boost for technology in the business world. Different Organizations engage in monitoring of employee’s to track performance and to avoid legal liability, protect business secrets and to address other concerns such as security. Certain monitoring practices are not upheld by employees because of the downfall it has on their satisfaction of privacy. Employers typically must not show some of their private monitoring duties while in the workplace, but how much monitoring they can do can become a huge issue when it’s invading natural privacy rights. There is a debate raging on whether it is moral, ethical and legal for employers to monitor the actions of their employees. Employer’s believe that monitoring is a sure thing because it encourages positive behavior and discourage illicit activity and to limit liability. Although, with this problem of monitoring of employees, many are experiencing a negative effect on emoti onal and physical stress including fatigue and lack of motivation within the workplace. Employers might choose to monitor employee’s activities using surveillance cameras, or may wish to record employee’s activities while using company owned computers or telephones. Courts are finding that disputes between workplace privacy and freedom are being complicated with the forward move in advance technology as traditional rules that govern areas ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbe able to see. We deserve to have some type of privacy and we don’t deserve to just be watched by people we don’t even know. This is important because some people don’t even know that the government is watching what we post on social media and they should be aware of it so they can be more careful about things that they post. 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In other words, he meant that the internet is helpful to us, in every way, from getting the information around the world to getting connected with everyone. The world today is an age of internet where there is life in and outside of the web. The internet is very powerful and convenient, so that it hasRead MoreThe Invisible Side of the Internet Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time that they have, and makes them have psychological illness like social-phobia and depression. In fact, it endangers their privacy. Therefore, people should be aware of the threads of the internet. Even though the internet seem to be beneficial, it can be the source of crucial issues in people’s lives. First of all, People surfing on the internet should know that they will not be able to control themselves after they start to surf, which bring about some social and psychological problems

Advantages and disadvantages of working in groups free essay sample

A group is a collection of two or more people who possess a common purpose (Bennett 1997 (Hollings and Rimmer (2007) Pg 171)). This is shown where a shared goal is accomplished by multiple people together. Group work can be effective however problems may also arise in which could be detrimental to the effectiveness of the group. Working in groups can increase productivity if synergy can be formed. This is to say that a group can give access to shared knowledge, experience and skills.where the group is likely to outperform the individual in most cases, due to shared resources and shared ideas (Hollings and Rimmer 2007 Pg), so theoretically the best ideas are put forward and used to bring out the best outcome for the task. If formed properly the group can form cohesion so that the task can be done quicker if certain aspects of the task are shared out for everyone to do a specific thing to contribute to the overall work. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and disadvantages of working in groups or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However this cohesion may result in a negative effect in the group, As the group becomes more cohesive, its functioning is affected in a number of ways. First, the interactions and communication between members increase. Common goals, interests and small size all contribute to this. In addition, group member satisfaction increases as the group provides friendship and support against outside threats, (Wikipedia 2011) as indicated by Wikipedia in their article on Synergy. This means that as the group becomes more cohesive social communication increases, so the members of the group may become distracted from the task in hand and therefore there may be a decrease in the productivity. Also because of the increase in friendship the group will develop the same ideas and tend to agree with each other as oppose to differing so new ideas wont be introduced to the main group because there is little effective collaboration as members do not know about each other so there will be an underuse of human resources as other members are not aware of others talents (eCollab 2007). This cohesion links to the two types of groups formal and informal. The  group will initially be formal where a group of people will be brought together under a common purpose without necessarily choosing who they will form a group with however over time through cohesion the group may become informal where there is small groups in the group. This can be damaging to the overall formal group work as informal groups can be so cohered that people out of the informal group can be excluded meaning conflicts can arise. However these informal groups can be positive to behavior of the formal group, because it can as mentioned above bring cohesion, leading to an effective team, which is outlined in an article by UK Essasys.com It is possible for informal groups within the organization to contribute positively to the aims of the organization and informal group norms can be brought more in line with those of the organization through a process dialogue and reasoning with networks of influence within the group. (UkEssays.com).

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay Example

Why Do Good People Do Bad Things Essay In this essay I will talk about the torturing of prisoners in Abu Ghraib. I will also write about the Stanley Milgrim Experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment. All of these relate to one of the topics we have covered this term. There is an excellent example of uniforms influencing power in the Stanford Prison experiment which took place in1971, it was lead by Prof Zimbardo1 (see footnote) in which a group of students were selected to act as prison guards and prisoners in a ‘fake’ prison. Even though the students who were selected to take part were completely aware it was a simulation, the experiment descended into chaos, the guards had started to torture the prisoners and even made the prisoners simulate sodomy on each other. The experiment was abandoned after the six days of the intended 2 weeks as it was too immoral. Perhaps the guards tortured the prisoners because of the uniforms. 30 years later, this behaviour was mirrored in a real prison at Abu Graib as I will explain. Boston Globe Article: ‘Good soldiers turn into bad eggs’, May 2004 There is another excellent example of how uniforms influence power and dehumanisation in the prison at Abu Graib. The incident at Abu Ghraib has left a black mark on America’s history but also provides an excellent subject to write about. The incident at Abu Ghraib happened from 2003-2004. The prisoners at Abu Ghraib were tortured and degraded until they managed to get information out of them, this included st ripping them naked and piling them on top of each other, putting a leash on them and pulling them around the prison and forcing them to masturbate. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Good People Do Bad Things specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Good People Do Bad Things specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Good People Do Bad Things specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The people that we know did this were, Lynndie England and Charles Graner who was Lynndie’s lover â€Å"Some residents said Pte England was a model soldier who only did what she was told and must have been acting on commands from above. † This was said in a report from the BBC on the Baghdad prison, this shows that the soldiers that worked there were very closely bonded. 2 2 http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/americas/4490795. stm There is another example of how uniforms influence power is the Stanley Milgrim Experiment which. This is an example of diffusion of power, this is an example of this because the supposed ‘teacher’ keeps referring to the professor as the boss saying, ‘shall I carry on? ’ ‘I don’t want to do this’ and most of the time they do what the teacher says but some of the time they don’t, for example when the ‘student’ says that he wants to get out then they normally go. Of course the student isn’t actually receiving any shocks the responses are just pre-recorded responses so the teacher thinks that he is. http://www. youtube. com/watch? =BcvSNg0HZwk My opinions on the matter of Abu Ghraib are that it was a major flaw in judgement from Lynndie England and it was almost blinded love for her boyfriend Charlie Graner. I also think that it had to do with something from higher up in the army, for example maybe a captain that had told them to do whatever it takes and they would have taken that more literally then it was int ended to be. However, I still think that this is an immoral and unethical way to treat a human being, even if they are different in skin colour and religion. With the Stanley Milgram experiment it shows that if someone sees someone else with a kind of uniform they would naturally gravitate towards them as a helping figure as they have to almost ‘earn’ their uniform and this shows that they are a good person. Also it shows that no-matter the uniform once the person getting the shock gets into a serious pain threshold then most of them stop as they cannot go all the way to seriously hurting people. Overall I think that the Abu Ghraib incident was a seriously inhumane and unethical thing to do and I think the people that committed that crime were let off to easily and that the people that had it done to them should have some sort of compensation. With the Stanley Milgrim Experiment I think it shows that most people are willing to give people pain but not lots of pain and certainly not enough to inflict serious injury on someone. With the Stamford Prison Experiment I think it was right to be pulled off early as it could of progressed to something much worse.

Enzyme Activity Ia Essays

Enzyme Activity Ia Essays Enzyme Activity Ia Essay Enzyme Activity Ia Essay Year 11 IB Biology IA Report 2011 5/31/2011 Enzyme Activity Experiment Introduction3 AIM3 Materials3 Method4 Result5 Table 1:5 Table 2:5 Graph 16 Discussion6 Conclusion8 Bibliography9 Appendix 1 (Test tube 3- 45 degrees)9 Appendix 2 (Test tube 1- 5 degrees)9 Appendix 3 (Test tube 2- 20 degrees)9 Introduction Phenolphthalein is an indicator that is pink in alkaline solutions of about pH10. When the pH drops below pH 8. 3 phenolphthalein will go colourless. Here, an alkaline solution of milk, lipase and phenolphthalein will change from pink to colourless as the fat in milk is broken down to form fatty acids (and glycerol) thus reducing the pH to below 8. 3. The time taken for this reaction to occur is affected by temperature. AIM To investigate the effects of increasing temperature on the activity of enzyme Lipase. Materials * Milk, full-fat or semi-skimmed, 5 cm3 per student per temperature assessed * Phenolphthalein in a dropper bottle (see note 1) * 5% lipase solution, 1 cm3 per student per temperature assessed * Sodium carbonate solution, 0. 05 mol dm-3, 7 cm3 per student per temperature assessed * Electric hot water baths set to a range of temperatures, each containing a thermometer, a test-tube rack and a beaker of lipase solution. * Ice * Marker pen * Test tube rack * Measuring cylinder (or syringe), 10 cm3, 2 * Beaker, 100 cm3, 2 (for milk and sodium carbonate solution) * Beaker, 250 cm3, 2 (to act as water baths for temperatures below room temperature) * Thermometer * Test tube * Glass rod * Syringe, 2 cm3 * Stop clock/stopwatch Method 1. Label a test tube with the temperature to be investigated. 2. Add 5 drops of phenolphthalein to the test tube. 3. Measure out 5 cm3 of milk using a measuring cylinder (or syringe) and add this to the test tube. 4. Measure out 7 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution using another measuring cylinder (or syringe) and add this to the test tube. The solution should be pink. 5. Place a thermometer in the test tube. Take care as the equipment could topple over. 6. Place the test tube in a water bath and leave until the contents reach the same temperature as the water bath. . Remove the thermometer from the test tube and replace it with a glass rod. 8. Use the 2 cm3 syringe to measure out 1 cm3 of lipase from the beaker in the water bath for the temperature you are investigating. 9. Add the lipase to the test tube and start the stopclock/ stopwatch. 10. Stir the contents of the test tube until the solution loses its pink colour. 11. Stop the clock/ watch and note the time in a suitable table of r esults. Result Table 1: | Test tube 1 5 degrees| Test tube 220 degrees| Test tube 345 degrees| Test tube 465 degrees| Time (min: sec: usec)| 31:04:86 ()| 16:26:17| 2:09:03| 32:20:74 ()| Notes| The test tube was breakdown before the liquid (milk) turns white| Complete| Complete| The liquid didn’t turn white, and colour of the liquid (Milk) was light pink| Table 2: Time (Min)| Test Tube 15 degrees| Test tube 220 degrees| Test tube 345 degrees| Test tube 465 degrees| 00:00:00| | | Light pink| | 02:00:00| | Pink | Completed| | 04:00:00| | | | Turn light pink| 06:00:00| | Light pink| | | 08:00:00| Turned light pink| | | | 10:00:00| | | | lighter| 2:00:00| | White with Pink| | | 14:00:00| Lighter| | | White with pink| 16:00:00| | Completed| | | 18:00:00| | | | | 20:00:00| | | | | 22:00:00| | | | | 24:00:00| | | | | 26:00:00| Really Light pink| | | | 28:00:00| White with pink| | | | 30:00:00| | | | | Graph 1 Discussion As the introduction of this report shown that the phenolphthalein is an indicator that is pink solution of about pH10, and when the pH drops below pH8. 3 phenol phthalein goes colourless. Through this report, the aim is to investigate the effect of increasing temperature on the activity of the enzyme lipase. The data of the experiment results showed that the sample [Test tube 1] in five degrees took around 31 minutes and 04 seconds to turns into light pink, but the testing wasn’t complete, as the test tube was break down before it completed, but record from another group’s result, it took around 50 minutes for the sample to completely turn white. (Result from Sumin’s group). The sample [Test tube 2] in 20 degrees took around 16 minutes and 26 seconds to complete the reaction and completely turned white. The sample [Test tube 3] took around 2 minutes and 09 seconds to complete the reaction and this sample took the shortest time to complete the reaction. The sample [Test tube 4] took around 32 minutes and 21 seconds to turn into very light pink (White with pink), but it didn’t complete the reaction as the time was run out. As the result, it shows that the temperature between 20 to 45 degrees is the best environment for the fat in milk to broken down to fatty acids and glycerol thus reducing the pH to below 8. and the taken time will increase if the temperature is over 45 degrees and the lipase might not break down the fat in milk or not work at all. The temperature affected the action of the fat breaks down to fatty acids and glycerol (lipase) in this way because when the temperature increase and then the time taken for the reaction will also increase by increase the collision rate between the substrate molecules and enzymes. The fastest time for the reaction is at the suitable and advantageous temperature for the enzymes which is between 20 to 45 degrees (Â ± 5 degrees). The time taken for the reaction will decrease from 5 degrees to 45 degrees, but the time will increase since the temperature is reach and over 45 degrees, as the protein structure of the enzyme will denatured by the high temperature and the enzyme is de-activated and the molecule is lose its shape. (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2009) Recording from the experiment result, the best temperature for the fat in milk breaks down to fatty acids and glycerol is between 20 to 45 degrees and it might not work really well when the temperature is over 45 degrees. On another hand, there are some weaknesses need to be improve in the experiment. Firstly, the water temperature for the Test tubes to stay in was under/ over the temperature that was suggest in the experiment as the temperature of the water was hard to control as the exactly temperature that the instruction suggested, so the group was recommend that a member from the group needs to add extra hot water/ extra ice when the temperature of the water is under/ over the temperature recommended. Secondly, the group set up and put all the test samples in the test tube at the beginning of the experiment and suddenly left the samples in the room temperature for almost 10 minutes before the group start the experiment; therefore, the results from the experiment might be wrong as the solution in the test tube might affects the lipase during the break time. As the result, the group suggest to mix up the solution and the test samples before the experiment starts, and the break time gap is not allowed. Thirdly, the syringe wasn’t used to measure out the lipase, so the group chose to restart the experiment as the results may have changed. However, after restarting the experiment as a whole, the experiment was a lot more successful and there was more care. Finally, these improvements will be use as a reference in the next class experiment. Conclusion In conclusion, the results from the experiment shown that the best temperature for the fat in milk to break down to fatty acids and glycerol is 45 degrees and the reaction will not work really well since the temperature are over 45 degrees. Also, recording from the graph, the test tube 3 (45 degrees) spent less time to complete the process and the test tube 4 (60 degrees) spent more time to turn the colour of the liquid into light pink and the process/ reaction didn’t complete in the end. As well, the information shown at the website of the University of Maryland Medical Centre displayed that the protein structure of the enzyme will denatured by the high temperature and the enzyme is deactivated and the molecule is lose its shape when the temperature is over 45 degrees. University of Maryland Medical Center, 2009). As the result, when the temperature increase from zero degrees to 45 degrees, the time taken for the reaction will decrease, but the reaction starts slow down since the temperature is reach and over 45 degrees. Bibliography University of Maryland Medical Center. (2009). Retrieved from Lipase: umm. edu/altmed/articles/lipase-000311. htm Appendix Appendix 1 (Test tube 3- 45 degrees) Appendix 2 (Test tub e 1- 5 degrees) Appendix 3 (Test tube 2- 20 degrees)

UK Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

UK Human Rights - Essay Example Generally, nation states have been the final arbiters of most issues affecting their citizenry and within their borders. By treaty, the signatory nations of Europe have granted the ECHR binding authority to decide cases affecting their citizenry and other persons subject to their authority. In instances where state law is found inconsistent with an ECHR judgment, the nation at issue is obliged to amend its national law to comport with the ECHR decision. These cases illustrate the concept of what is increasingly being referred to as an evolving European supranational identity. The ECHR grants jurisdiction to any individual, non-governmental organization, or group claiming be a victim of a violation of the European Convention by a ECHR signatory nation, and to bring cases before it, as does, in applicable cases, the European Court of Justice (the "ECJ"), the court of the European Union, based in Luxembourg. The Human Rights Act has gone a long way in limiting arbitrary actions from public bodies, in particular, police officers. It cannot be denied, however, that the laws on "breach of the peace" grant have historically been so vast in scope that in some occasions, human rights violations arise. The definition of "breach of the peace" (also known as breach of the Queen's peace) has been discussed in the Court of Appeal decision of Howell3, where it was stated as follows: We are emboldened to say that there is a breach of the peace whenever harm is actually done or is likely to be done to a person or in his presence his property or a person is in fear of being so harmed through an assault, an affray, a riot, unlawful assembly or other disturbance. It used to be that the prospect of violence alone would not be enough to be considered a "breach of the peace", as in the comment of Farqhuarson LJ that "The act which puts someone in fear of violence taking place entitles a police officer...to detain the actor but it is not a breach of the peace, for the violence has not yet occurred."4 There has been scant support for this view, such that in the present time, "breach of the peace" also embraces "behaviour likely to cause a violent reaction", even if such behaviour is not of itself violent. The policy of the law has been recently discussed in the case of Humberside Police v. McQuade5, where it was held that: "the policy of the law relating to arrest for breach of the peace is plain enough. Its purpose is to deal with emergencies. The power of arrest may be exercised without a warrant and belongs to the ordinary citizen as much as to the constable." In a handful of cases, the European Court of Human Rights has found that there is no contradiction between the concept and the Human Rights act of 1998. The most cited case is the case of McLeod v. United Kingdom6 , where the Court held as follows: "The concept of breach of the peace has been clarified by the English courts over the last two decades, to the extent that it is now sufficiently established that a breach of the p

NIKE CASE STUDY based on Corporate Strategy Essay

NIKE CASE STUDY based on Corporate Strategy - Essay Example By focusing differentition on product, businesses could commnd premium prices for their products. Products represented top-of-the-line offerings in the industry. In this mrket, degree of differentition is not lrge. Nike entrees mrket where competitors cn differentite their products nd tht is why hve less rivlry. Rivlry is reduced where customers hve high switching costs - i.e. there is significnt cost ssocited with the decision to receive products from n lterntive competitor. Nike proposes to its customers competitive prices nd ensure customer stisfction. Nike's min competitor (Dniels et l 2006), dids, follows the strtegy which hs gret impct on competition. The nlysis suggests tht ny superior mtch between compny competencies nd customers needs permits the firm to outperform competitors. In generl, Nike bses its competitive strtegy on overll ledership nd differentition constructing the most efficient fcilities (in terms of scle or technology) nd obtins the lrgest shre of mrket. These dvntges, in turn, give them substntil led in terms of experience with building the service. Experience then leds to more refinements of the entire process of production, delivery, nd service, which leds to further cost reductions. Nike hs mrketble portfolio which ensures its ledership position on the mrket. The study reveled tht Nike does not pursue low-cost strtegies. Within these globl competitive environments, Nike overwhelmingly emphsizes differentition strtegies, where competitive positioning is predominntly bsed on qulity offerings nd brnd imge. Qulity is lmost universlly stressed s necessry determinnt of competitiveness. nother theme evident in the findings is the importnce strtegy-industry fit plys in determining business unit performnce. Here it is recognized tht perceptions of industry pressures my be more importnt thn the ctul pressures in determining strtegies nd hence performnce (Johnson & Scholes 2003). Question 2 In order to improve its strtegies position, Nike should chieve competition dvntge nd re-position itself. The compny cn position itself s premium brnd which proposes exceptionl qulity. While ll businesses my emphsize qulity, some my select strtegy bsed on further differentiting their offerings ccording to the qulity of the products nd services they provide. Indeed, in this study one of the dominnt competitive positioning strtegy types identified is 'high-qulity" (Johnson & Scholes 2003). Here, the emphsis on qulity permetes every ctivity long the vlue chin; qulity is clerly the overriding determinnt of competitive positioning. The exceptionl qulity is crucil for footbll tems nd the 2008 Europen Chmpionship. In this cse, qulity domintes competitive positioning nd differentites businesses in globl scle. Here, qulity is consistent with both innovtion nd speciliztion (Dniels et l 2006). Mngeril perceptions of strong pressures re evidence tht lrge number of businesses competing in globl industries mke imprecise ssessments of globl industry opportunities nd threts. It is possible to ssume tht Nike's competitors will follow cost focus strtegy nd cost differentition. dids, direct competitor of Nike, provides comprble buyer vlue but perform the ctivities less efficiently. In contorts, Nike performs the ctivities in unique wy which rises the vlue to the consumer nd thus llows them to commnd premium price - the

Includes recommendations for banking in China Essay Example for Free

Includes recommendations for banking in China Essay The bank is progressively upgrading its services and is attempting to match the best practices in the banking industry. This is evident from its Factoring programme for businesses. This enables business people to assign receivables to Bank of China and in turn they are provided with all facilities for collection, finance of trade, risk control and ledger sales management. In addition there is easy finance on production of delivery of goods, provision of capital at low cost, protection of credit to the seller despite any financial difficulty of the buyer, thus in some cases it will be the buyer also who will be benefiting along with the seller in case Factoring is undertaken. The Factoring services include export and import factoring as well export and domestic invoice discounting and domestic full factoring. Being the first and the largest factoring services provider in China’s banking sector, it has build extensive experience in this field and therefore will provide assured services. (Factoring, 2006). BOC has developed partnerships with large state held Chinese corporations such as the oil and petroleum company China National Petroleum Corporation. This will add value to its global business and create partnerships for growth. Security and risk management in Bank of China is dependent on its corporate governance policy. This is determined and controlled by the board of directors which oversees the overall operation and administration. As per standard norms of banks, committees are appointed to supervise various banking functions which include those for strategic planning, audit, risk management, personnel and remuneration and transaction controls. (Governance, 2006). The various stake holders in the bank include apart from the state government, the share holders, a board of directors, in which the posts of Chairman and President are said to be separate, a board o f supervisors and senior management. (Governance, 2006). The large quantum of non performing assets and a state control however does not immediately contribute to confidence in this area. The Bank is prone to provide for areas which are determined by the Central government and to that extent its policies are not ruled by the needs of ensuring profitability and efficiency. The picture in China is however continuously changing and greater progress in this sphere is anticipated in the future. HSBC exploits it legacy of banking in China to effect as it has been present in the Middle Kingdom since 1865. (HSBC China, 2006). The Bank provides the customers the advantage of being a single banker for domestic as well as foreign banking services thereby providing it convenience, speed, security and assurance. (HSBC China, 2006). HSBC is seen to operate at an entirely different level. The products, services and processes for the customers have been well established by the bank. It is now marketing these facilities to provide growth both in the personal and business banking sectors. Modern banking as practiced by HSBC is not only creating facilities such as automated teller and cash machines but actually recognizing the benefits of customers using these. This leads banks as HSBC to sponsor various gift schemes for users who use cash machines or pay their bills online. This indicates that services are not mere conveniences but offers which enable the bank to actually increase its efficiency. Then there are services such as money managers for the business, high interest deposit bonds, money market account and clients deposit account which enables pooling of money in a single account. HSBC also manages pensions of employers for a business as well for individuals. For business there are other factilities that are being provided such as business internet banking as well as HSBCnet which provides larger companies with a complete range of services on the internet, invoice finance, Against the internal growth outlook of Bank of China, HSBC is seeking more challenges externally as the Worlds local bank and is investing in many developing countries such as Vietnam, Saudi Arabia and even Iraq. (Schuman, 2006). The low penetration of modern banking systems services for example credit cards in China which for a 1. 3 billion population has only 10 million card holders has promised greater possibility and scope for banks such as HSBC. While HSBC sees itself as the Worlds local bank, the BOC wants to seek primacy in Chinese banking by providing assistance in doing business globally. Thus there is a difference in the focus of both the banks. This also underlines an essential difference in the states of the Chinese banking industry vis a vis global banking conglomerates as HSBC. The Chinese banking industry is still in its nascence and thus sees itself as a provider of financial services to its domestic clientele be it personal or corporate to operate internationally. On the other hand HSBC sees itself as a bank for global banking regardless of the nationality of its clients. The Bank of China will have to face these challenges in the future in a very cohesive manner. Bank of China is well established domestically as well as globally. It can conduct sustained operations as it has adequate experience and exposure to varied political, economic and financial regimes. The global orientation of the bank is particularly favorable for its sustained growth and expansion in the future. It can thus provide the lead to other banks in China.

Essay --

Psychology has different ways of defining human behaviour using different psychological perspectives. This essay will be focussing on two different psychological perspectives which are socio-cultural and psychoanalysis. We will therefore provide an explanation for Tumi’s experiences using different sources. We will define the perspectives, discuss the proponents of the theory, basic premises and causes of behaviour, research methods used, strengths and limitation. Sociocultural perspective examines how the social environment and cultural learning influence our behaviour, thoughts and feelings (Holt, N., et al.2013, p.34). Sociocultural perspective has different approaches as Santrock (2003) stated that sociocultural approach examines how social and cultural environments impacted on behaviour and debates a full understanding of human’s behaviour that requires knowledge about cultural context which the behaviour occurs. According to Matsumoto (2001) sociocultural approach also focusses on the behaviour of people from unique ethnic and cultural groups within a culture. Psychoanalysis is the theory of personality developed by Freud that emphasizes the roles of unconscious mental processes, early childhood experiences, and the drives of sex and aggression in personality, behaviour is largely influenced by our unconscious wishes, thoughts, and desires, especially sex and aggression (Gray, 1994). As Nolen-Hoeksema et al (2009) psychoanalysis developed by Freud, unconscious, childhood experiences are controlled by inner forces. Tumi’s feeling of going crazy is being influenced by what she thinks, feels and her experiences as she had a poor relationship with her mother and sister, passing away of her aunt, her belongings being stolen, ... ...jective and extremely interpretative and he also placed an over-emphasis on sexual drive and provides us with an extremely pessimistic outlook on personality as it discounts the notion of free will. Weakness of sociocultural perspective is that to become a sangoma requires difficult training, as it is regarded as a calling which is as great honour gift and that if the person abuses the power ancestors withdraw power (Cumes, 2013:71). In conclusion both psychoanalytic and sociocultural perspective helped in giving a better understanding of Tumi’s behaviour and how we can help her to recover from the situation. I recommend that psychologists should keep on training students about these perspectives as it will enable them to gain more knowledge and be able to exercise new skills of dealing with problems and innovations in supporting the people in the communities.

Understanding Abuse

Recent periods of social progress and development have seen many concepts and constructs receive widespread attention to what can be described as negative behaviours and one concept and area in particular to receive this attention is abuse. Any response to find a solution to a problem whilst remaining effective and appropriate can experience various complications as there can be an inability to provide a clear and detailed definition of what it actually constitutes, provision of evidence that remains compelling and substantial and taking on board the cultural, social and political considerations and factors that are relevant to the society pertinent to the discussion will receive complications. This lack of clearness in its debate has led to the development of additional descriptions alongside abuse such as psychological maltreatment (Garbino, Guttman&Seeley, 1986), further confusing the issue and its resolution but in spite of this confusion their has been much learned from what attempts have been made in the exploration and analysis of abuse and this discussion will try to identify different types of abuse,expain why particular groups or individuals may be vulnerable ,its differing contexts,risk factors associated and ensure the impact of cultural and social factors on the range of abuse is analysed thoroughly. Abuse is the weapon of the vulgar† (Samuel Griswold Goodrich) Abuse is a term that relates itself to any deliberate calculated damaging or deteremental behaviour purposefully used to damage or harm an individual or group and can occur when a person misuses ormistreats another group or individual without any interest in their worth,dignity or well-being. It can be seen as a behaviour where the abuser is interested in the exertion of power and control over the individual and be prepared to manipulate or exploit the individual involved into submission or obedience to their will. In recent decades it has been described in various forms but the main categories to contemplate are Physical,Emotional,Sexual and neglectful and a recently highlighted phenomena of Institutional abuse,that has led to greater awareness and debate. Physical abuse was the earliest form of abuse thought to have come under public consideration in the 1960’s and was believed to be linked to child abuse until child sexual cases started to come to prominence with the Cleveland cases in 1987(Corby,B,Child abuse,1993,p86) and has been defined as â€Å"hitting,shaking,throwing,poisoning,burning or scalding,drowning,suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer feigns the symptoms of or deliberately causes the ill-health to a child they are looking after. This situation is commonly described using terms such as fictitious illness by proxy or â€Å"Munchausen Syndrome by proxy†(Dept of Health,1995:5). This definition can be seen to as quite specific but does not provide any suggestions as to when such actions are deemed grave to authorise intervention and prevention of such behaviours and although it has various forms it can be the most visible, having damaging and long lasting effects. Emotional abuse and neglect has been defined according to the Dept of Health as â€Å"the persistent adverse effects on the child’s emotional development†(Dept of Health,1999:5-6) and relates itself to malicious †parental behaviour that damages a child’s self-esteem,degrades a sense of achievement,diminishes a sense of belonging and stands in the way of healthy,vigorous and happy development. Emotional abuse has been described as an overtly rejecting behaviour of carers on the one hand or as passive neglect on the other†(Iwaniec,D,Child care in Practice,1994). As a separate form of abuse it was only recognised by legislation in the United Kingdom in the 1980’s although it did receive recognition in the United States since 1977. Attempts have been made to define emotional abuse and neglect in a general way and five damaging behaviours have been levelled by Garbino,Guttman and Seeley(1986) as rejecting,isolating,terrorising,ignoring and corrupting with these actions being a concerted attack by an adult on a child’s development of self and social competence only being described as overtly abusive,painful and developmentally and cognitively damaging. Such behaviour can be seen as an act of commission or omission occuring â€Å"when meaningful adults are unable to provide necessary nuturance,stimulation,encouragement and protection to the child at various stages of development which inhibits his optimal functioning†(Whiting,1976). Sexual abuse in relation to children has been described as â€Å"involving,forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activites whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activites may involve physical contact,including penetrative(e. g rape or buggery) and non-penetrative acts. They may also include non-contact activites such as involving children in looking at or in the production of pornographic material,or watching sexual activites or encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways†(Dept of Health,1996,6). This description of sexual abuse specifies that sexual abuse may not necessarily involve physical contact although there can be many other areas to be included when involving a definition such as what is the relation of the perpetrator of such acts and the definition put forward by Glasser and Frosh seems to be more comprehensive â€Å"Any child below the age of consent may be deemed to have been sexually abused when a sexually mature person has by design or by neglect of their usual societal or specific responsibilities in relation to the child,engaged or permitted the engagement of that child in any activity of a sexual nature which is intended to lead to the sexual gratification of the sexually mature person†(Glasser and Frosh,1988,5). This definition pertains to whether or not it involves genital or physical contact and whether or not there is a discernable harmful outcome in the short term. Child sexual abuse is a highly difficult problem and is far more commonplace than previously thought and also affects older as well as younger children(MacFarlane&Waterman,1986) although their is a greater degree of seriousness among practitioners about the urgency of intervention to protect children from such abuse. Another form of abuse that has received prominence in recent years is Institutional abuse that mainly involved children living in residential care including being under the care of a local authority with one case that rose to prominence being the Pindown Inquiry in 1991 concerning the use of a system referred to as Pindown in children’s homes in Staffordshire England. The Inquiry outlined how methods of controlling children involved techniques that could be construed as sensory deprivation and solitary confinement, were used over a large period of time under the approval of the management of Staffordshire Social Services being only described as brutal in there approach. In the following years a glut of cases came to the fore and the Department of Health responded by instigating a general inquiry in the state of residential care that came to be known as the Utting report 1991,that provided a view on the conflicting sides in care homes good and bad and making a note of the need for greater vigilance and the development of greater measures to protect the safety of children in such places of care. In situations where abuse occurs different groups and individuals can be more vulnerable to abuse than others and the need for greater research into these cases will only help to develop a better understanding of abuse and its forms.. One grouping where abuse has gained significance and shown how a group can be more vulnerable is amongst elderly individuals in domiciliary and residential settings as â€Å"behind closed doors† can be more difficult to combat as contact between victims and services can be extremely limited. Elder abuse has probably been placed in the background in its significance to such abuse as child abuse but any form of abuse is not to be tolerated as each individual has a significant sense of worth and uniqueness in life though elder abuse is often an ignored and hidden problem in society as â€Å"The voice of older people is rarely heard by those who have responsibility for commissioning,regulating and inspecting services†(Fitzgerald,G,Action for Elder Abuse). In 2000 the Dept issued guidance(No Secrets) on the protection of vulnerable adults from abuse defining a vulnerable person as one â€Å"who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability,age or illness and who is or may be unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation†(No Secrets,paras2. 5-2. 6) and although this definition was not restricted to older people it has received criticism as it appeared to exclude those individuals who do not require community care but with no standard definition of Elder abuse in the United kingdom as the term has been imported from the United States one commonly used definition is â€Å"a single or repeated act of inappropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person†(House of Commons Health Commitee,Elder Abuse,Volume 1,2004,P5). Abuse exists when a lack of care from one person towards another is present in a relationship and the thought of predicting abuse or neglect is appealing because of its ability to be preventative and adults have a sense or obligation of care in may respects of life being held to be trustworthy in the application of that duty but the more responsible the relationship the higher the chance of abuse that can exist and parental care is one context that can be seen as the primary type of relationship where abuse can occur and what does or does not be held to be adequate care can be important when making decisions about the likelihood of abuse occurring. With the Childrens Act 1989 not giving any firm statement of intent on what can be deemed adequate care and broad ideas on what care should involve such as physical and emotional responses,health,protection and cognitive behavioural development, research and evidence can be crucial in reviewing contexts and the suggestion that particular c hildren can be determined for abuse with researchers interested in the dynamics of why particular children are susceptible. Predicting abuse by observing maternal responses to new born babies is an important feature of child protection with children who are seen as not wanted or the â€Å"wrong sex† by their parents at a greater risk(Roberts ,1980) but many parents often carry into life unresolved issues from their own childhood or present circumstances that have a substantial impact on their ability to form deep and lasting relationships with their children,†The undermining effect of a difficult child on parental functioning will be lessened when the parent has an abundance of personal psychological resources ,conversely an easy to rear child can compensate for limited personal resources on the part of the parent on maintaining parental effectiveness†(Belsky&Vondra,1989,188), therefore solid connections to parent or primary care giver is essential to the child’s development and growth. Parents who experience substance abuse,domestic violence or mental health issues can provide risk factors or damaging environments where children can be open to abuse and although not all parents with these experiences can be a risk to their children,their ability to provide adequate care can be limited and damaging. Substance misuse can result in a parents ability to erform basic parenting tasks(Kroll,2004) and be generative of chaotic environments and has come to focus in many families that are under child protection enquiries even during pregnancy and early development. Mental illness can also be seen as another factor relating to abuse ranging from a parents depression to psychotic or delusional violence that can result in fatal cases. The risks can be seen as greater if the parent shows hostility or aggression towards the child,ultimately becoming a target with many children taking on a caring role themselves as parenting can be in conflict and opposition. Another factor co-exis ting and overlapping with the factors previously discussed is domestic violence. Domestic violence is common and is seen usually in the context of the male exerting power over a female and a form of controlling behaviour with violence beginning even during pregnancy increasing in severity leading to a effect on emotional and psychosocial development. With a child being witness to such behaviour anxiety and stress can result in the childs having long term effect even when physical violence is not present. So although factors can emphasise a disposition to abuse the truth is never that clear and no single event or outcome can be determined and the likelihood is that factors such as those discussed are part of a complex context and set of circumstances beginning even long before the child is involved. Social factors can also have considerable effect on abuse and links have been made between male unemployment and the physical abuse of children(Gillham,1998) and the Department of Health has also conducted its own studies finding that 95 percent of children on protection registers are from poor families(Dept of Health,1995) with children from lower economic environments more likely to be abused(Lawson,2000),nevertheless it has been argued that child abuse cuts across all social class with lower classes more susceptible to come under government investigation because of their need for more government resources with this in mind â€Å"Child abuse is strongly related to class, inequality and poverty both in terms of prevelance and severity†¦ olving the problem requires a realignment of social policy which recognises the necessity of tackling the social,economic and cultural conditions associated with the abuse†(Parton,1985,175-176) â€Å"Abuse in the form of violence against women is a normal feature of patriarcial relations. It is a major vehicle that men use in controlling women,as such it is the norm not an aberration. The widespread incidence of child sexual abuse reveals the extent to which men are prepared to wield sexual violence as a major weapon in asserting their authority over women† (Dominelli,1986,p12) Abuse can be seen as a product of a particular culture and child rearing practices are different from time to place being influenced by religion,class,sexuality etc. Culturally approved practices â€Å"such as isolating infants and small children in rooms or beds of their own at night,making them wait for readily available food or allowing them to cry without immediate attending to their needs or desires would be at odds with the child rearing philosophies of most of the cultures discussed†(Korbin,1981,p4) need to be taken into consideration when defining are certain acts abusive but that does not mean that these ideas are not to be challenged. In the vast majority of abuse cases children or women can be seen to the victim and women have been subjected to horrendous acts and ordeals through out many cultures. The challenging of old ideas as an example can be seen in the context of the rape of women in Zimbabwe being traditionally remedied by the arrangement of the perpetrator to the victim in marriage. This act can be seen as seriously and psychologically wicked in its practice but it is an example of where outside support for change can b e directed. Other cultural practices such as circumsion and clitoridectomy should be seen as widely abusive acts (Finkelhor&Korbin,1988) and as all abuse is seen in the context of power over the victim rape is another practice especially in the context of war,with the idea of dehumanising the victims leaving a state of fear,anger and hate having long term effects individually and collectively. Being able to differentiate between culturally normative and abusive behaviour without the fear of being seen as racist or stereotypical in approach can result in the protection of abusive individuals and many cases have seen elements of the failure to protect, such examples have included Tyra Henry(Lambeth,1987),Ailee Labonte(Newham Area child protection committee,2002) and Victoria Climbie(Laming,2003),so culture can be a significant factor in how abuse operates and is defined. â€Å"No one ever became depraved with suddenness† (Juvenal,AD c-60-c130) To conclude, further study and research needs to be paid into abuse, its characteristics and manifestations and greater clarification needs to be sought in many areas and inquiry within the context of abuse, peer relationships and the way they are experienced and handled having implications in how individuals relate to others in life as â€Å"Contemporaries increasingly seek one another as the primary sources of support, security and intimacy†(Mueller&Silverman,1989,p583) so many factors need to be taken into account when in discussion but as stated earlier abuse is seen as the act of power over another individual or group so the last words belong to the great Carl Jung in that â€Å"Where love reigns ,there is no will to power and where power is all pervading,Love is absent. The one is but the shadow of the other† (Carl Gustav Jung ,1917,Gesammelte Werke,Vol. 7,Zurich,Rascheter-Verlag)

The Abortion Debate Essay - 1967 Words

The Abortion Debate Abortion is a form of murder and demeans the value of human life. Other birth control is readily available; thus, abortion shouldnt be a form of birth control. The societal contributions of a potentially valuable human being are wiped out. Women who have abortions often suffer major psychological damage from the experience along with, in some cases, the father of the child. The advances of genetic testing may prompt more abortions (to avoid having the non-ideal child). There are many couples who spend years on waiting lists trying to adopt a child. The abortion decision is often made by minors or young adults, who dont have the maturity and life experiences to make good decisions. People have the†¦show more content†¦The issue has been recharged under the Bush administration. In Bushs first term, Congress passed a bill making third trimester abortions, or partial birth abortions, illegal. Many of President Bushs judicial nominations have been thwarted by the Democrats usually for one reason and one reason only -- their stance on Roe vs. Wade, the controversial court decision that first made abortion legal. Which side is right? Are there any shades of gray in this dispute? Yes Abortion is a form of murder and demeans the value of human life. When a pregnant women feels a kick in her belly, she doesnt say Oh, the fetus kicked or Oh, the mass of cells that hasnt become a person kicked, she says The baby kicked. Yes, after conception you have a real human being waiting to enter the world. Why should taking someones life when theyre in the womb be any different than taking their life when theyre a baby in the crib? Pro-choice advocates claim this isnt a real baby only to justify their wrong acts in their own minds. Even if you dont believe abortion is murder, it still demeans the value of human life, since women can so callously stomp out a living being simply because theyre inconvenienced. Other birth control is readily available; thus, abortion shouldnt be a form of birth control. There are dozens of birth control methods that can keep you from becoming pregnant, including the 100 percent effective one: abstinence. Maybe if abortion wasntShow MoreRelatedThe Debate On Abortion And Abortion1448 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion. This word leaves most people feeling uneasy after just saying it out loud. The discussion of abortion is continuously left open-ended with millions of opinions, arguments, and questions. Abortions occur every single day leaving potential fathers devastated or thrilled, leaving friends and families broken and distraught or in contrast, proud. More importantly, leaving the potential mother uncertain and even destroyed. 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